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Audits Across the World
The assessment framework is being used increasingly across the world for full country audits and assessments, partial audits and teaching purposes. Other assessment methodologies are also used. International IDEA (the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance) and the Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, are collaborating on the 'State of Democracy' project to assist and develop assessments across the world and to update the initial Handbook on Democracy Assessment. Professors David Beetham and Stuart Weir are acting as consultants on this process.
International IDEA piloted 'democracy assessments' employing the expanded framework in eight nations from 2001-02: Bangladesh, El Salvador, Italy, Kenya, Malawi, New Zealand, Peru and South Korea. An overall report on these country studies, The State of Democracy: Democratic Assessments in Eight Nations around the World, Beetham D et al, International IDEA/Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2002, contains summaries of the 8 country assessments together with a comparative review of the findings. Copies of the reports are held at International IDEA.
It is not clear quite how many audits using the Democratic Audit methodology have been completed or are underway. Here we list the 18 full or partial audits of which we are aware, as well as the major comparative South Asia audit of five nations, with contact details where available:
Australia: The Political Science Program at the Australian National University is carrying out the most developed series of audit report thus far; ongoing. See http://democratic.audit.anu.edu.au
Bangladesh: (original IDEA pilot study); report State of Democracy in Bangladesh, 2002; venue, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Dhaka
Ecuador: venue, Andean Democratic Audit, www.auditoriademocratica.org
El Salvador: (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report; coordinator Felix Ulloa, University of El Salvador
Ireland: full democratic audit conducted under the leadership of Paula Clancy at TASC, Dublin, to be published in 2007; contact www.tascnet.ie
Italy: (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report; coordinator Leonardo Morlino, University of Florence
Kenya (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report; venue, Series for Alternative Research in East Africa Trust (SAREAT)
Indonesia: Pilot democracy assessment for UK Department for International Development (Iain Kearton)
Latvia: report, How Democratic is Latvia? Audit of Democracy, 2005, from the Advanced Institute of Social and Political Research (ASPRI), University of Latvia.
Malawi (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report; coordinator Chirwa Wiseman, Chancellor College, Blantyre, Malawi.
Mongolia: Democratic Governance Indicators: Assessing the State of Governance in Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 2006, published by UNDP Mongolia within the Follow-up to the Fifth International Conference of New or Restored Democracies; contact www.icnrd5-mongolia.mn
The Netherlands: De Staat van Onze Democratie 2006, published by the Internal Ministry under Maarten Prinsen; contact maarten.prinsen@minbzk.nl ; www.onzedemocratie.nl
New Zealand (original IDEA pilot study); report, Democracy in New Zealand, Henderson J and Bellamy P, 2002, Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury, NZ
Peru (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report. The report was compiled by Ames R, Bernales E, Lopez S and Roncaglioli R.
The Philippines: engaged on a rolling programme of reports on separate sections of the framework; report on elections and political parties, 2003; reports on economic and social rights and on minimising corruption in the pipeline; contact Edna Estifania Co, University of the Philippines, at ednaco@up.edu.ph
South Africa: report, In the Balance: Debating the State of Democracy in South Africa, Graham P and Coetzee A, 2002, Idasa Publishing, Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), Pretoria;
http://www.idasa.org.za/
South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka): comparative assessment conducted under the leadership of Professor Peter de Souza at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi; contact peter@csdsdelhi.org
South Korea: (original IDEA pilot study); no information on publication of report. The report was compiled by Moon, Chung-in, Jin, Youngjae (Yonsei University, Seoul) and Wok, Kim (Paichai University).
United Kingdom: report, Democracy under Blair: A Democratic Audit of the UK, Beetham D et al, Politico’s, 2003 (second edition).
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